Tuna Chain is a modular Layer 2 solution that functions on Bitcoin while also integrating with Ethereum. Learn more about how it works in this article.

 is rightfully known for its security through its use of 

 offers greater versatility. Until recently, blockchain projects had to choose between the two. Now, however, a hybrid solution is available that blends the benefits of both of these leading blockchains and takes a bold leap into the future.

 that functions on Bitcoin while also integrating with Ethereum.

) is strongly rooted in elevating the user experience (UX). Bitcoin is the most trusted cryptocurrency, largely due to the recognized strength of its security protocols. However, while it excels in security, it lacks the versatility that ultimately fosters innovation. In this regard, Ethereum is viewed as a superior blockchain. 

Tuna Chain’s modular Layer 2 solution works on Bitcoin through a 

 hybrid layer while offering Ethereum functionality. It uses 

-powered modularity to minimize transaction costs. At the same time, this modularity improves both trust and efficiency. Tuna Chain currently supports Solana, Ethereum and Bitcoin transactions. It works with Bybit, Phantom, MetaMask, UniSat Wallet and OKX Wallet.

Tuna Chain is a new project that was established by three unknown individuals, known under the names of Tuna Nigiri, Tuna Sushi and Tuna Sashimi. Each team member brings their unique experiences and knowledge with blockchain, cryptography and 

 to move Tuna Chain forward. Tuna Chain is financially supported by BSC News, Normie Capital, Serafund, ArkStream Capital, Cogitent Ventures, MH Ventures and other angel investors. After its Ocean Festival and Ocean Trio, Tuna Chain now has over 1.3 million wallets connected on the Tuna Chain Testnet, with a total 

The purpose of Tuna Chain is to bridge the gap between Bitcoin and Ethereum. Although Bitcoin’s chain boasts superlative security, it lacks the versatility that Ethereum’s 

 provides. As a hybrid Layer 2 solution, Tuna Chain’s primary goal is to blend the two. By doing so, its founders want to push the envelope on the future of blockchains and provide a better UX.

Tuna Chain’s functionality is based on three core features: the Toro native 

, Celestia-powered modularity and a hybrid ZK-OP layer. With the Toro stablecoin, users can purchase new digital assets through the overcollateralization of their BTC supply. Meanwhile, Celestia-powered modularity improves data availability, and the ZK-OP hybrid layer executes smart contracts with fast, secure transactions.

Rollup Solutions and Operational Mechanism of Bitcoin Layer 2

Layer 2 solutions similar to those found on Ethereum enhance Bitcoin's scalability, using technologies such as 

 (ZK). Tuna Chain enhances Bitcoin's transaction capacity by integrating optimistic rollup technology into its Layer 2 framework.

Securing Native Assets on Bitcoin: Leveraging Taproot's Upgrade

 upgrade into the Bitcoin network marks a significant advancement in the security of its native assets. This update incorporates advanced cryptographic techniques, such as Schnorr Signatures, MAST and Tapscript. To further secure these assets, Tuna Chain has implemented a multisignature security model and is exploring the addition of external validators to its network security protocols.

Tuna Chain processes transactions through a detailed system that begins with the precise arrangement and execution of transactions. These are then reliably recorded on 

's data availability layer and conclusively verified on the Bitcoin blockchain. Verifiers are essential to the chain's integrity, quickly producing fraudproofs to address any transaction discrepancies and ensure the network remains secure and reliable.

Tuna Chain is a next-level Layer 2 solution that moves blockchain into the future. Each of its core features provides unique benefits to support a superior UX. 

Tuna Chain uses Celestia-powered modularity to optimize its Layer 2 functionality. Specifically, this modularity is supported by Layer 2 data management that enhances trust, improves efficiency and reduces transaction fees.

The ZK-OP Layer is Tuna Chain’s hybrid Layer 2. This layer utilizes a dual-phase architecture that integrates Ethereum’s benefits with those of Bitcoin. By doing so, it empowers smart contracts and accelerates secure transactions.

 is a grand opening event celebrating Tuna Chain’s launch. During this grand opening, the first round of TUN tokens will be distributed. Distribution cap for this initial release is based on 

 growth driven by the community, and could range between 2% and 21%. The token supply increases by 2% as each new milestone is achieved.

, the setup experience for new community members, consists of Calm Waters, Whimsical Tides and Majestic Depths. With Calm Waters, new users can receive 60 points for following Tuna Chain on social media and linking their wallet. Additional points are available by referring friends to Tuna Chain. Whimsical Tides, the testnet phase, is still in development along with Majestic Depths.

In the first quarter of 2024, Tuna Chain successfully completed several milestones, including the launch of the Tuna Testnet — Alpha, Ocean Trio Points campaign, Ocean Festival (which highlights the TVL) and the rollout of the TunaChain Explorer. 

Moving into Q2 2024, progress is ongoing with significant developments. Tuna Chain’s team is currently deploying an optimistic rollup (OP)-based Mainnet, establishing a native bridge from Bitcoin to the Tuna Mainnet, launching a Mainnet decentralized exchange (

), and developing a modular data availability (DA) layer.

Tuna Chain functions with three primary tokens: TORO, TUNA and WOOG. Each serves a different and integral role.

TORO, Tuna Chain’s native stablecoin, helps users transform their BTC into their choice of high-yield digital assets. This is accomplished seamlessly and with full transactional stability. The user doesn’t need to liquidate the BTC to complete the transaction.

 of Tuna Chain, is used for various purposes, such as revenue generation, funding builders and contributors, benefiting token holders, incentivizing users and community members, and promoting community engagement within the Tuna Chain ecosystem.

TUNA has a total token supply of 210,000,000.

 token that acts as the primary ticket into the Tuna Chain ecosystem. Only 200 of 1,000 available WOOG tokens were distributed at the BRC-20 Launchpad event. The remaining WOOG will be distributed only when they’re activated by external forces.

Looking to get your hands on the TUNA token? Bybit will soon offer it via our 

In the meantime, you can also purchase TUNA through 

WOOG tokens grant access to the Tuna Chain ecosystem. Of the total supply of 1,000 tokens, only 200 are currently scheduled to be released. These tokens are exclusively available through the 

. There’s a purchase limit of one WOOG token. While 800 WOOG tokens will remain, they’re sealed, and their release isn’t scheduled. You must have an active Bybit account with a funded wallet to participate in the event. 

TUNA tokens play a fundamental role in governance of the Tuna Chain’s unique hybrid Layer 2 chain, designed to deliver the benefits offered by both Bitcoin and Ethereum. Tuna Chain is presented as the future of blockchain, and is poised to change the blockchain landscape in exciting ways, which could place a premium on TUNA tokens. 

As an investment, TUNA should be purchased conscientiously because the value of the tokens will decrease when additional tokens are released, even for a short period of time. In addition, all cryptocurrencies are speculative in nature, with a risk of partial or complete loss. Therefore, 

 cryptocurrencies before making an investment.

Tuna Chain is a hybrid Layer 2 solution that provides a much-needed service in the blockchain world. By bridging the gap between Bitcoin and Ethereum, it allows users to enjoy the best of both worlds. In doing so, it has the potential to move the dial forward significantly in blockchain technology. Moving forward, Tuna Chain is a platform worthy of attention.

Intermediate

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Tuna Chain (TUNA): Reinventing Bitcoin With a ZK-OP Approach

Notable Ethereum Spot ETF applications have come from high-profile issuers that received approval for Bitcoin Spot ETFs earlier this year. Learn more here.

The cryptocurrency landscape could be on the brink of a major shake-up as several Ethereum spot exchange-traded fund (

) applications await regulatory approval. These financial instruments promise to bridge the gap between traditional investment markets and the fast-growing world of digital assets, offering investors a regulated and accessible means for gaining exposure to 

This article explores the top pending Ethereum Spot ETF applications, exploring their significance, potential impact on the market and implications for the broader adoption of cryptocurrencies.

What Is an Ethereum Spot ETF Application?

An Ethereum Spot ETF application is a filing submitted to regulatory bodies, such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), to list an exchange-traded fund that tracks the price of Ether (ETH), allowing investors to gain exposure to the cryptocurrency without directly holding it.

How Does an Ethereum Spot ETF Application Work?

An Ethereum Spot ETF application is a formal request by a financial institution to gain regulatory approval to offer a financial product that tracks the price of Ether (ETH), the second-largest cryptocurrency and the token of the Ethereum network, in real time. 

Investors can participate in the ETF by purchasing shares through their brokerage accounts. This way, they can gain exposure to Ether's price movements without the complexities associated with directly buying or holding the cryptocurrency. The ETF provider assumes responsibility for securely holding the Ether, managing the fund's day-to-day operations and ensuring ongoing compliance with regulatory requirements.

Current Ethereum Spot ETF Application Landscape

, Fidelity, VanEck and ARK 21Shares have all thrown their hats into the ring by submitting applications to the SEC for approval. These particular issuers have previously applied to run Bitcoin Spot ETFs that are currently approved and trading.

However, the SEC has pushed back on the recent Ethereum Spot ETF applications, prolonging the decision-making process. They've also sought public feedback in order to gauge whether the arguments supporting the approval of Bitcoin Spot ETFs are applicable to Ethereum Spot ETFs as well.

Anticipation has continued to build with the approach of the final deadlines for the SEC's decisions, set for between May 23 and Jul 5, 2024 for various applicants. The SEC's review process involves assessing factors such as the potential for market manipulation and the resemblance between Ethereum spot and futures exchange-traded products.

The outcome of these applications holds significant weight, as it could shape the future landscape of cryptocurrency investment vehicles and play an important role in driving broader adoption of Ethereum within traditional financial markets. Investors and observers alike are closely monitoring these developments, recognizing their potential to influence the trajectory of both Ethereum and the wider crypto market.

Top High-Profile Ethereum Spot ETF Applications

Several high-profile financial institutions have applied for Ethereum Spot ETFs, reflecting a growing interest in cryptocurrency investment products. Following is a list of some notable contenders.

BlackRock, a global investment giant and the world’s largest asset manager, submitted its 

 Ethereum Trust, in November 2023. However, the SEC postponed its decision to late January 2024 and again to March. The SEC is currently seeking public comment on the application, particularly concerning Ethereum’s susceptibility to fraud, and has delayed its decision until Jun 11, 2024.

Franklin Templeton, another major player in the investment world, 

 for an Ethereum Spot ETF in February 2024, making it the latest contender to join several other firms in the race. The SEC has delayed the deadline to June 2024 to rule on the firm’s application. If approved, the fund will be listed on the Chicago Board Options Exchange as Franklin Ethereum ETF.

Known for its ETFs and mutual funds, investment management firm VanEck has expressed doubts about the SEC's approval of its Ethereum Spot ETF application, 

 in July 2021. Although the SEC’s decision is expected in May 2024, VanEck’s CEO has voiced his skepticism of approval by the May 23, 2024 deadline, citing the regulators' ominous silence. Notably, VanEck holds the distinction of being the first investment management firm to file an ETH Spot ETF application in the United States.

21Shares specializes in cryptocurrency exchange-traded products (

), while ARK Invest focuses on thematic investing. The two firms 

 for the ARK 21Shares Ethereum ETF in September 2023, with the SEC expected to decide by May 24, 2024. The application has been 

 to include a cash-creation model, and has proposed plans to stake a portion of the ETF’s Ether for generating additional income.

A global asset manager focused on cryptocurrencies, Hashdex 

 with the SEC in September 2023 to list and trade shares of the 

 its decision on the application, with a verdict expected by late May 2024.

Grayscale is the world’s largest digital currency asset manager, with a range of investment products that provides exposure to cryptocurrencies and the digital currency asset class. The firm 

 its Grayscale Ethereum Trust into an Ether Spot ETF in October 2023. The SEC extended the review period, setting a new deadline for June 2024. 

Invesco, an investment management firm, has partnered with Galaxy Digital, a diversified financial services firm, to create a 

 for an Ethereum Spot ETF to be named the Invesco Galaxy Ethereum ETF. The SEC's decision, expected in December 2023, has been 

Fidelity Investments is a major financial services corporation with a global presence and millions of customers. Fidelity first filed for an Ethereum Spot ETF in November 2023. It later 

 its application in March 2024 to include ETH staking, which would allow investors to earn additional income from staking rewards. The SEC has set a deadline of May 23, 2024 to approve or deny the application.

What Could Happen If an Ethereum Spot ETF Application Is Approved?

The approval of an Ethereum Spot ETF application holds significant implications for the cryptocurrency market.

Approval of an Ethereum Spot ETF could mark a significant milestone for the crypto market. It would greatly improve Ethereum's accessibility, bolster market confidence and potentially drive up Ether’s price. In addition, such an approval would represent a new milestone in cryptocurrency adoption, providing investors with a regulated and easy avenue for investing in Ethereum. Nevertheless, regulatory hurdles and market volatility are variables that could influence the timing and magnitude of the approval of the pending applications.

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An Overview of the Top Pending Ethereum Spot ETF Applications

Stripe is reentering the cryptocurrency market by allowing merchants to accept payments in USD Coin (USDC) on Ethereum, Solana, and Polygon networks

The SPX index is down 0.46%, influenced by disappointing economic data indicating a slowdown and persistent inflation, along with poor earnings from companies such as Meta Platforms and IBM. The broader cryptocurrency market is up, with Bitcoin and Ether rising by 1.12% and 1.45%, respectively in the past 24 hours.

Today’s outperformer is W, which jumped 16.1% after Wormhole launches Native Token Transfers for seamless W token interoperability across blockchains.

Wormhole (W), launched in 2020, is a cross-chain protocol that facilitates communication and token transfers across over 30 blockchain networks. Originally a crypto bridge between Solana and Ethereum, it has expanded to include features like the Portal token bridge and messaging protocols, serving as a comprehensive platform for cross-chain interactions. Wormhole has launched Native Token Transfers (NTT) to enable seamless transfers of the W token across blockchains like Solana and Ethereum without needing liquidity pools. This innovation supports Wormhole's introduction of a multichain governance system and W staking, enhancing the token's functionality and security across diverse ecosystems. NTT marks a key step in Wormhole's roadmap, advancing its commitment to interoperability and decentralized, flexible token usage.

Check Out the Latest Prices, Charts, and Data of 

Stripe is reentering the cryptocurrency market by allowing merchants to accept payments in USD Coin (USDC) on Ethereum, Solana, and Polygon networks starting this summer. Originally, Stripe accepted Bitcoin in 2014 but discontinued this option in 2018 due to increasing costs. The new initiative will support USDC transactions that are automatically converted to fiat currency for merchants, aiming to enhance global payment accessibility, particularly for those without traditional banking facilities. This marks Stripe's continued interest in the evolving potential of cryptocurrencies.

Bitcoin's price showed volatility near $64,000, influenced by reduced ETF inflows and a market tug-of-war. U.S. inflows slowed, ending a streak for BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust. Meanwhile, Morgan Stanley may soon enable direct broker recommendations for Bitcoin ETFs, potentially increasing demand. In contrast to U.S. regulatory hesitations, Hong Kong is launching three spot BTC ETFs. Despite these fluctuations, Fidelity Digital Assets remains optimistic, citing an increase in smaller Bitcoin wallets as a positive indicator of broader adoption.

The Aethir Cloud Drop campaign features an airdrop that is accessible through various activities, including purchasing Aethir Checker nodes, engaging on social media, participating in quizzes, referring friends, and being part of certain NFT/token communities. Eligibility for the airdrop is determined by a badge and quest system. More details are provided on their website and Twitter page.

Beginner

Daily_Bits_Title_Subtitle_&_Eyebrow_1600x900_(64).png

Stripe Reintroduces Crypto Payments with USDC Support on Multiple Blockchain Networks

Merlin Starter (MSTAR) is an IDO launchpad and accelerator dedicated to supporting Layer 2 projects for Bitcoin native asset applications.

Over the last couple of years, projects aiming to develop the wider Bitcoin (

) crypto ecosystem have been gaining more attention in the crypto industry, taking some focus away from 

-based initiatives. With the arrival of projects such as 

, one might even say that the Bitcoin ecosystem is experiencing a kind of innovative development that characterized Ethereum's heyday between 2015 and 2020.

Among the projects driving this phenomenon are Merlin Chain (MERL) and its integral Merlin Starter (MSTAR). Merlin Chain is a Bitcoin Layer 2 (L2) platform committed to supporting utilization and enhanced liquidity for Bitcoin native assets, while Merlin Starter, a Bitcoin-focused 

 and L2 project accelerator, is a core part of the wider Merlin ecosystem,

 (MSTAR) is an IDO launchpad and Layer 2 accelerator dedicated to supporting promising Bitcoin-focused decentralized projects.

 It's an integral part of the L2 Merlin Chain (MERL), designed to facilitate a seamless flow of Bitcoin native assets across various protocols in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Merlin Starter aims to support projects dedicated to enhancing the circulation and liquidity of Bitcoin native assets, both on Merlin Chain and across a variety of Bitcoin-focused protocols and networks.

Founded in 2023, the Merlin project launched its operations in early 2024, with Merlin Starter's native MSTAR token debuting in mid-April 2024.

Merlin Starter is made up of two main components — an 

 launchpad and a Bitcoin Layer 2 project accelerator. Additionally, the 

 NFT collection is a critical element within the project's ecosystem.

The IDO launchpad on Merlin Starter facilitates the launch of projects dedicated to native asset issuance, enhanced 

 and free asset circulation for the Bitcoin ecosystem. It's the first native launchpad of the Merlin platform. The launchpad also supports new projects that explore cross-chain functionality and focus on enabling Bitcoin native assets across different platforms.

As of late April 2024, the launchpad is still in the early stages of its operation, but already lists a couple of initial projects that it’s helped to launch. The most recent of these is Sparkle (FCFS), a gamified astrology app.

The Merlin Starter launchpad offers a number of different token launch modes, including 

, oversubscription lotteries and allocations based on preset weightings. A variety of token standards are supported, including the highly popular 

 and ERC-20 as well as the less common BRC-420, ERC-404 and Atomicals (ARC-20). Standards supporting cross-chain assets may also be available. 

Merlin Starter’s IDO launchpad also features an insurance protocol that helps protect investors from either 7-day or 14-day loss.

While the Merlin Starter IDO launchpad is dedicated to facilitating the launch of new tokens, its accelerator is an initiative aimed at providing consultancy and support to L2 apps and protocols at the pre-launch stage, as well as in the critical post-launch period.

Via the accelerator, the Merlin Starter team offers multidisciplinary consultancy services in areas such as technical support, marketing strategies and initiatives, human resources and 

Merlin's Spellbook is an NFT collection issued by Merlin Starter. Spellbook NFTs grant holders eligibility for a 20,000,000 MSTAR token airdrop, should they choose to stake the NFT. Staking a Spellbook NFT in exchange for MSTAR locks the NFT, and the NFT is subsequently burned. As an NFT staker, you may also qualify (depending upon random selection) for IDO whitelist entries.

At the center of the wider Merlin ecosystem, Merlin Chain is an L2 platform dedicated to enabling cross-chain applications utilizing Bitcoin native assets. Although it operates as a dedicated Bitcoin L2 network, Merlin Chain also offers 

 (EVM) compatibility in order to better support cross-chain use cases.

 network, which allows it to achieve significant scalability and cost efficiencies. The average block time on the chain is less than one second, while the average transaction fee is measured in tiny fractions of a cent.

Merlin Starter's native crypto, MSTAR, is a recently launched token (April 2024) that’s used for the following functions on the IDO launchpad:

The token's maximum and total supply is 1 billion. Supply allocation shares for MSTAR are shown in the chart below.

You can buy the MSTAR token on Bybit through a Spot pair with USDT (

). Additionally, you can join Bybit's MSTAR campaigns to grab a share of the 

The first campaign, MSTAR Community Airdrop Quest, runs through May 10, 2024, 8AM UTC. It’s offering a total prize pool of 8,900,000 MSTAR, featuring a 7,000,000 MSTAR community airdrop, a 1,000,000 MSTAR referral prize pool and an exclusive affiliate referral event with a 900,000 MSTAR prize pool. The second campaign, Token Splash, is being held through Apr 30, 2024, 9AM UTC, with a 2,800,000 MSTAR prize pool.

As a plethora of projects such as Merlin Starter look to extend Bitcoin's functionality, its blockchain is steadily moving away from a passive state of use that’s reserved for asset transfers and storage. Merlin Starter is contributing a great deal to putting Bitcoin native assets to use in various apps and protocols.

While Merlin Chain is doing the critical job of enabling the actual utilization of assets via its Layer 2 network, Merlin Starter is a pivotal endeavor aimed at supporting numerous new projects looking to make Bitcoin a more active crypto environment. The more of these projects we see, the more likely it is that Bitcoin will develop into a thriving ecosystem that could rival Ethereum’s. To achieve such a goal, Merlin Starter is exactly the catalyst the industry needs.

Merlin_Starter_mstar.png

Merlin Starter (MSTAR): Empowering Startups and Innovation

Trading

Candlestick

The cup and handle chart pattern indicates a bullish trend and makes buying opportunities easy to spot. But is this pattern reliable? Learn more.

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The cup and handle indicator is a technical pattern found on crypto price charts. It indicates the correction of a previous uptrend and eventually signals its resumption. The pattern exhibits clearly defined entry and risk levels but can be difficult to interpret in crypto markets due to fragmented volume metrics.

This trading guide explains the importance of the patterns and how you can formulate a strategic trading style to make the best out of it. We’ll be discussing the ins and outs of the indicator and to help you understand some of the limitations. 

A cup and handle pattern is a consolidation chart pattern signaling bullish in which prices correct a portion of a previous uptrend, then rebound back toward the previous high, forming the “cup.” Prices then trade sideways, creating the “handle” which, when completed, signals a breakout to new highs.

. I learned to trade stocks 20 years ago using his methods, including the cup and handle pattern. This pattern is found a lot in the stock market and is beginning to appear frequently within the crypto market.

The cup and handle pattern can be found within a variety of time frames, from hourly, weekly to monthly charts. However, it is more powerful on daily chart time frames. There are a couple of variations of the pattern, but they all have a similar look.

Characteristics of the Cup and Handle Pattern

The cup and handle pattern appears after a big rally where the market needs to pause and catch its breath. The pattern consists of five key components, which then lead to a breakout higher.

The first four components help shape the structure for the pattern’s name because they form the outline of a cup with a handle.

After a big uptrend in price (#1), the market begins to correct lower (#2), shaping the first half of the cup. The dip in #2 generally retraces about 30–50% of the length of the previous uptrend. However, there are instances where a deeper correction may take hold. Once a bottom is formed, prices will begin to rally (#3). This rally pauses within 10% of the previous high. At this point, the cup portion of the pattern has been created. 

Now that prices are near their old high, bullish traders stop buying and wait to see if a breakout takes place. Traders who bought near the old high are thankful and nervous at the same time. They are thankful that prices have rebounded back to the old high, but nervous about another selloff. They are considered weak hands. Hence, selling the asset gradually, creating the handle (#4). 

However, the total volume begins to decrease as the market is running out of sellers. The price trend is from sideways to slightly lower, and it carves the handle of the pattern.

In the end, the pattern takes the shape of a coffee cup with a handle on the right side.

The pattern is confirmed when prices break above the high of the handle as the previous uptrend continues.

The cup and handle pattern cannot exist without a prior uptrend. As a result, the pattern is found frequently within the crypto market.

There are a couple of variations to this pattern that crypto traders need to be aware of. First, there are times when the handle portion of the pattern develops above the old high. This is considered the “high handle.” Secondly, since the market is fractal, these patterns will form on a variety of charting time frames, including intraday charts.

One of the characteristics of the cup and handle pattern is that the handle must form within 10% of the old high. There are times when the market is extremely bullish and the handle pushes slightly above the old high but remains within 10% of it. These situations are considered to have a high handle.

In the above example, we see a cup with a high handle. The handle forms above the old high, rather than below. The result of the pattern remains the same where it is a minor breakout higher, but then prices trade sideways on declining volume to form the handle. The pattern is confirmed when the market breaks above the highest price of the handle.

When William O’Neil first identified the cup and handle pattern, the focus was on daily chart time frames. Now that charting software has made access to intraday charts easier, variations of this pattern have emerged such that it can be found within intraday chart time frames.

The intraday pattern operates similarly but concludes more quickly. In the Bitcoin example above, we are using a 4-hour chart. All of the necessary ingredients are present, including the volume spikes. During the retracement portion, you want to see increasing down in volume. On the rally portion of the cup, you want to see increasing volume. Then, during the formation of the handle, trading volume will ideally shrink as both buyers and sellers are shaken out.

The Bitcoin chart above also illustrates a high handle, which we discussed in the previous section. After the successful cup and handle portion of the chart, Bitcoin breaks out and accelerates higher.

The inverted cup is the reversal pattern indicating a momentum sell short signal signaling a bearish continuation pattern. The chart patterns happen within a span of three to six months and volume plays a role in the completion of the pattern and the confirmation of the breakout from an uptrend. At the same time, the inverted cup top is formed when there are more sellers bidding for the price to go down. When it happens, it indicates the end of the bull markets.

The inverted handle pattern forms when the asset emerges out and begins to fall from the right side of an inverted cup. However, a true inverted handle happens when it fails to break down and finally meets the 

To spot a true inverted cup and handle pattern, the shape needs to be obvious and the trend line needs to curve up and then down like an upside-down cup. When this reversal pattern happens, it tells you that it is not a good probability to trade if pullback or correction is not on the way.

How To Identify the Cup and Handle Pattern

The cup and handle pattern starts with an uptrend, followed by a 30–50% correction. Use the Fibonacci retracement tool to measure out the previous uptrend, then look for the correction to retrace near the 30–50% zone.

After the market has retracted into the 30–50% zone, look for a rally to begin pressing prices back toward the old high.

As prices approach the old high, a failed breakout traps both recent buyers and buyers at the bottom of the base. Recent buyers see their small floating gain evaporate, and buyers at the bottom of the base fear a 

Both sets of buyers exit the market; as a result of this entrapment, these buyers are nervous and slowly sell out, creating the handle of the pattern.

The handle must form in less time than it takes to form the cup. On most occasions, the handle will form in about 1/5 to 1/3 of the time required to form the cup. 

Additionally, the handle needs to stay in the upper half of the cup and not drop into the lower half of the cup’s price range. For example, if the cup forms between a price range of $1.0 to $2.0, then the handle needs to form within $1.50 to $2.0. If the handle pushes too low, then it will be ineffective at trapping short sellers.

An effective handle will drift lower, rather than trend lower. This sows doubt among short-sellers, who become nervous about the failed trend to the downside. As a result, they close out their positions, which adds a little buying pressure to the market, popping the price a little.

Then, new buyers enter the market as they see the technical setup complete, pushing the market above prior highs. This adds even more strength to the bullish trend.

The cup and handle pattern is an effective combination to flush out weak holders. 

To trade the cup and handle pattern, wait for technical levels of resistance to break. There are two areas where traders can buy the resistance break. 

First, draw a resistance trend line encompassing the high prices of the handle. A break at the resistance trend line is your signal to buy. The second opportunity to buy is a break above the high of the handle. Waiting for a break above the handle’s high is a more conservative approach, as you are seeking confirmation from the market that the price is hitting new highs.

The risk and stop loss on the trade will be set at the low of the handle. This way, if the breakout fails and falls back below the handle’s low, then you can close out the trade at a small loss and move on to the next opportunity.

If the breakout is successful, then you can consider moving your stop loss to the breakeven level, locking in the trade without experiencing a loss.

The target for the cup and handle pattern is fairly simple. Measure the distance from the cup high to the cup low and project that same distance beginning at the handle’s low point. So long as the handle remains in the upper half of the cup, this level of price projection leads to an attractive risk-to-reward ratio on the trade.

Here is an example of the cup and handle pattern in a Bitcoin chart from 2019. 

After rallying 25%, the market corrected lower approximately 50% on increasing bearish volume. Then, the market rallied to come within 3% of the previous high.

At that point, the cup of the pattern was completed and the handle was about to begin. The handle drifted lower on decreasing trading volume. The pricing of the handle remained within the upper portion of the cup, so all of the necessary ingredients were present for a bullish breakout.

Once the handle was finished, Bitcoin rallied higher on increasing volume, which led to new highs.

Below is another chart, a cup and handle example for Ethereum.

After rallying 300% to begin 2021, Ethereum began consolidating the uptrend to form the cup. The cup was relatively shallow, at nearly 30% of the previous uptrend. After correcting, the price rallied back to near the old high to finalize the cup.

As the handle began to develop, its slight downward slope, coupled with decreasing trading volume, was a big clue that this may be a minor consolidation. This was a relatively long handle, but once it had finished, Ethereum rallied on increasing volume.

Indicators To Identify the Cup and Handle Pattern

Aside from having a clearly defined pattern with specific entry and exit parameters, this chart pattern is a favorite among traders because it is simple to identify. There aren’t a lot of fancy indicators or technical tools needed to spot the pattern.

 needed to help you identify the pattern:

As you know by now, the pattern consists of two parts, the cup plus the handle. The pattern cannot be anticipated until nearly all of the cup is completed and the price is near the old high.

As a result, the trader will need to highlight the old high with a horizontal resistance line. Additionally, as the right side of the cup is created, we need to observe several bullish candles on rising trade volume. An easy way to figure this out is to place a 50-period 

This moving average indicates the average volume for the last 50 periods. You want to see several bullish candles with volume above the 50-period moving average, while most of the bearish candles remain below the moving average. If a large bullish and bearish volume candle are next to each other, you want to see the bullish candle display a higher volume than the bearish candle.

Once the cup is completed, the handle will begin to develop. The handle will be marked by sloping trend lines. These trend lines should have a slight downward slant to them. The important trend line is the resistance trend line, which is the top line. If prices break above resistance on rising volume, then the market will likely continue its trend higher.

Limitations of the Cup and Handle Pattern

Like any form of pattern and technical analysis, there are times when this predictor works well and other times when the forecast does not work out. There are situations when the reliability of the cup and handle pattern is diminished.

The cup and handle pattern is the result of a bullish breakout. When the broad market is in a bullish trend, that makes the breakout a higher probability move. However, if the broad market is in a bearish trend, then a bullish breakout is less likely to occur. 

Cup and Handle Chart Pattern: How To Use It in Crypto Trading

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