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Miners use their computers to solve complex mathematical problems in order to validate transactions and add new blocks to the Blockchain. Proof of work (PoW) is the most common consensus algorithm used in cryptocurrencies. It has been used by Bitcoin since its inception in 2009.
Proof of work is the most popular consensus mechanism in the industry to date. It helps blockchains synchronize blocks and stay secure, while determining which node in the blockchain network gets to add the next block. Proof of work requires nodes in the network to “work” — i.e., show proof of their work — by solving a complex mathematical problem. The first node to solve the problem and validate the transaction gets rewarded with cryptocurrency.